When you right-click on the Windows desktop, select View, you will see 3 options, Large icons, Medium icons and Small icons.
Change desktop icons size in Windows 11/10
Apart from these 3 views, you can also display the desktop icons in List & Details view, as we display our files and folders in File Explorer. Let us see each of these 5 views.
1] Medium icons view
This is the default setting as shown below, and what you see on your desktop.
2] Large icons view
To make the icons larger, display Large icons from the context menu.
3] Small icons view
To make the icons smaller, display Small icons from the context menu.
Bonus Tip: Hold down the Ctrl key and use your mouse scroll wheel to quickly resize the icons from Small to Extra large.
List view for Desktop icons
To display the icons as a List, press Ctrl+Shift+0+8 keys. To revert, right-click on the desktop and select Medium icons view.
Display view for Desktop icons
To display the icons in Details view, press Ctrl+Shift+6 keys. You will see the same columns here which are displayed in your File Explorer. Yoga Surya J adds in the comments: You can press Ctrl + Shift + (0 till 9) for more variations. To revert, right-click on the desktop and select Medium icons view.
If you want to add more columns here, you can change the folder details to display. You can open any folder, right-click near the column titles and select the other columns like Authors, categories, Tags, Titles, Date created, etc.
This post will show you how to change the Desktop Windows Metrics and Border Width.